大麦功能叶片对籽粒中干物质积累的影响

The Effect of the Three Function Leaves of Malting Barley on Accumulation of Dry Materials in Grains

本文对啤酒大麦三张功能叶片光合产物生产和运输规律进行了研究。以期为啤酒大麦的高产栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,三张功能叶片中,剑叶对产量的贡献最大,其次是倒二时,倒三叶较小。功能叶片的缺损,除了失去“源”的作用以外,还对“库”的容量产生影响。失去其中的一张功能叶片后,存留二时的光合速率能得到部分的补偿作用,但缺叶总是导致减产。氮素水平对功能叶片中物质的运输影响较大,氮素不足,植株营养不良,生长受阻,影响灌浆。氮素过多,残留在叶片中的比重大,造成贪青倒伏,物质运输受阻。只有在氮素用量合理的情况下,叶片中的物质才能充分合理地运向籽粒。麦类作物籽粒形成的物质基础主要来自抽穗后三张功能叶片的光合产物。但在生产上,由于倒伏,湿害,早衰和病虫害等因素,常引起功能叶片的缺损。开花后温度,水分和肥料等不良的环境因素也常使功能叶片的物质生产分配和运输受阻,导致减产。了解抽穗后功能叶片的干物质生产,积累等特性,对大麦栽培措施的改善,以及如何及时防止各因素的影响都有实际的指导意义。这方面的工作在其他作物上已进行了不少研究,对作物的高产栽培起着指导作用。但在大麦上这方面还缺少研究。目前,随着啤酒工业的迅速发展,对啤酒大麦的需求量日益增加,提高啤酒大麦的产量已成为大麦栽培中令人关注的问题。本研究的目的是探讨啤酒大麦功能叶片光合产物的生产、分配和运输的一些特征,为啤酒大麦的高产栽培提供理论依据。

The paper studied some characteristics that photosynthetic products of the three function leaves of malting barley make and transport, and hoped to provide theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of malting barley.The results showed that the flag leaf made the greatest contribution to yield, next the second leaf, then the third leaf. In addition loss of 'so-urce', the lack of the function leaves decreased 'sink'. Though theremaining two leaves could make partial photosynthetic compensation for losing one of the three function leaves, the lack of function leaves certainly resulted in reduce in yield. Nitrogen made a notable impact on transport of photosynthetic products in function leaves. Nitrogen deficiency caused retardation of plant growth and nitrogen excess resulted in increase of photosynthetic products remaining in stem, both leaded to less materials transported to grains. So just the right amount of nitrogen is necessary for more products to be transported from function leaves to grains.