唐代宫廷中的乐舞活动与诗歌传唱

On Dances Activities Accompanied by Music and the Poems Sung in the Palace of Tang Dynasty

唐代宫廷中的仪式性乐舞和娱乐性乐舞都有诗歌传唱行为的参与。在仪式性乐舞活动中,所唱诗歌通常是诏命朝廷重臣创作,所用曲调大多由乐工制定,辞乐相配的方式有先辞后乐、先乐后辞、依调改辞,演唱由太乐署和鼓吹署中的乐工承担,采用齐唱形式。在娱乐性乐舞中,所唱诗歌多采自文人之作,辞乐相配的方式主要是"选诗入乐",演唱由教坊乐人承担,演唱方式多为独唱。唐代宫廷中的乐舞活动对诗歌创作产生了一定的影响:刺激了文人的创作热情,促进了唐诗的繁荣与发展;对全国的歌诗风气、歌诗创作起着导向作用;加强了上、下层两个诗歌创作空间的交流。

In Tang Dynasty, poems were usually sung in the course of activities of both ceremony entertainment dances accompanied by music in the palace. Poems sung in the ceremony dances were mainly written by the distinguished royal--assigned officials and the musical compositions were composed by musicians; the matching forms of poems and music was characterized by poems followed with music or music followed with poem, or changing the poem according to the selected music. The poems were sung in unison by the singers from the Greatest Musical Department and the Executants Department. However, the poems sung in the entertainment dances were created by scholars; the matching forms were mainly charac- terized by selecting poem to accompany music; and singers from Jiaofang （a sort of imperial court art acad- emy） soloed them. Those sorts of activities influenced the creation of poems, aroused the enthusiasm of libretto for creating; promoted the development of Tang Poetry, and directed the nation--wide poetry creation and communication.