蜚蠊的习性与防治

Habits and Characteristics of the Cockroaches and Their Control

蜚蠊,又称蟑螂,全世界已知约有4000种,主要分布于热带。我国最常见的室内有害种类主要有5种。这类昆虫多生活在房屋尤其是厨房里。它们是典型的夜出性昆虫,食性很杂。本亚目昆虫是一个经济重要性极大的目,若虫和成虫均能传播痢疾、伤寒、霍乱、肝炎等病毒和多种寄生虫卵。据卫生防疫部门研究证明,它们还能携带10余种黄曲霉菌,可以引起多种癌症。作为病原物的传播者,蜚蠊污染了人们的食物。对蜚蠊的防治,目前主要用硼酸诱杀及用多种杀虫剂触杀和诱杀。蜚蠊的保幼激素,集合信息素及性信息素,近年来研究得较多。

Copkroach or blattid is distributed mainly over the tropics. There are about 4000 species in the whole of world, and 5 species of them are harmful in China. They are Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, Blatta orien-talis, Periplaneta emarginata and Periplaneta australasiae. They are typical nocturnal insects with omnivorous habits, can infect many diseases, such as typhoid, malaria, cholera, hepatitis, parasitosis, etc. Boric acid and insecticides listed table 1 are efficient to control them.