现代科学发展需要“T”字型人才

T" Talents Are Needed in the Development of Modern Science

一 现代科学的发展由小科学时代走向大科学时代。其科学的发展特点是朝着微观和宏观两个截然不同的方向发展,即科学的高度分化和高度综合。科学的深度分化,使各门学科越来越专门化,而纵向发展则引起综合科学的发展。学科间的相互联系、相互渗透己成为科学发展的主流。新学科的兴起,促使传统学科的不断分化与解体。全世界每年新生几十种学科、新生上百种技术专业,共发展速度令人吃惊,可谓日新月异,似乎存在“杂交优势”效应。《控制论》创造人维纳曾指出:“在科学发展上可以得到最大收获的领域是各种已经建立起来的部门之间的被忽视的无人区。”在这科学技术迅速发展,知识不断更新。

This article expounds the importance of fostering Qualified personnel of 'T'type in the following three aspects: a).Qualified personnel of 'T'type are the need of the development of science. 'Expert knowledge' and 'wide knowledge' have dialectica relations with each other, b) The history of science's development proves that science is synthetic and integral, and knowledge's mutual aid is necessary for research of scidnce. c). The concept of 'knowledge niche' is put forward, meaning complex system of knowledge of science.