耗散结构与生态系统

Dissipative structure and ecosystem

本文从耗散结构论的基本思想和方法出发,说明了正反馈作用使生态系统具有自组织现象,系统内的不断涨落对形成生态系统的演化起着重要作用,同时体现了自然选择的基本思想,指出了有序结构的稳定性是由联立微分方程组的非线性项来完成。由于生态系统可以改变环境,故而指出生态系统目的性的基本内容是因果性、稳定性以及选择过程性。笔者认为生态平衡可以从低级向高级的方向演化,它是旧平衡的破坏、新平衡的建立,由不平衡到达平衡的过程。

By means of the theory of dissipative structure, this paper deals with the causes that positive feedback makes ecosystem become self-organization and random fluctuation is very important to ecosystem succession, discribes the basic idea that nonlinear term of simultaneous differential equation group is a decisive factor to ecosystem stability. Because environment can be changed by ecosystem, the author makes a point of that the basic concents of ecosystem purpose are causality, stability, and selecture course. The author regards that ecological balance can be developed from lower stage to higher stage through breaking old ecological balance and establishing new one. It is a course from imbalance to balance.