优质米品种双竹粘的产量生理及其调控指标的研究

Studies on the Yield Physiology and Regulation Index of Fine Quality Rice Variety “Shuang-Zhu-Zhan”

本文研究了双竹粘在杂优栽培法(稀播、少苗、大穗)下的产量生理及调控指标.1、采用杂优栽培法可获得26.67%～43.80%的增产效应.2、双竹粘是库限制型品种.增加每亩总颖花数可以提高产量,而每亩总颖花数的增加仅依赖于每穗颖花数的增加.为获得大穗,增加每穗实粒数,施肥技术上应控制分蘖肥,重施促花肥、补施保花肥,施粒肥的意义不大.3、产量与总干物重有极显著正相关.在干物重相近时,以穗少、单蘖干重高的产量和经济系数高.因此,应主要增加单蘖干重.4、亩产350千克的主要指标为:播种量20～25千克/亩,基本苗5～6万/亩,最高苗数38～40万/亩,最大叶面积系数(LAI)6.0～6.2,总干物重800千克/亩左右,每亩27～29万穗,每穗85粒左右,每亩总颖花数2300～2400万、结实率90%以上,千粒重17克.5、群体指数可作为调控水稻群体的一种途径.双竹粘高产的群体指数动态为:分蘖初期1～1.5,分化期7～10,孕穗—齐穗期18～20,灌浆期9～12.6、栽培措施对米质有显著影响.

Rice cv. of fine grain quality 'Shuang- zhu-zhan' was studied and the main results obtained as follows: The yield of 'Shuang- zhu-zhan' could be increased significantly in the pattern of hybrid rice culture. 'Shuang- zhu-zhan' belongs in a sink-limited variety, therefore, the yield increase can be obtained through raising the number of total spikelets per mu, but the increase of total spikelets per mu were only depended on the increase of the number of spikelets per panicle. To obtain larger panicles and increase the number of filled spikelets per panicle, the fertilizer application should be changed into the mode: a controlled application at the tillering stage, a heavy application at the initiation stage,and with supplementary at the booting stage and heading stage. There existed a positive correlation between the yield and the total dry weight. Those with fewer panicles and heavier dry matter of single tillers showed higher yield and harvest index in the case of total dry weight being approximate. In order to increase the biological yield, the emphasis should be put on the enhancement of single tiller weight. While yield target being set for 350 kilograms per mu the main agronomic indices should be seeds: 20- 25kg per mu nursery; seedling plants: 50- 60 thousands per mu; maximum tillers 380-400 thousands per mu; maximum LAI: 6.0- 6.2; total dry weight: around 800kg per mu; valid panicle: 270- 290 thousands per mu; spikelets per panicle: around 85; total spikelets: 23-24millions per mu; setting percentage: over 90%; 1000-grain weight: 17 g. The population index (LAI x percentage of nitrogen in function leaf) can be regarded as a way to regulate rice population. The dynamics of population indices for high yield in rice cv. 'Shuang- zhu-zhan' were: 1-1.5 at the early tillering stage; 7- 10 at the panicle initiation stage; 18-20 during from booting to heading stage; 9-12 at the filling stage. Cultural practice on rice quality performed significant effects .