不同类型水稻品种的稻米蛋白质含量及其氨基酸组成的研究

Study on Grain Protein Content and Amino Acid Composition in Different Rice Varieties

本研究系统分析了目前生产上主栽的早籼、晚籼、杂交籼稻、晚粳及特种稻等不同类型品种(组合)的稻米蛋白质含量及其氨基酸组成.结果表明:目前主栽品种中,稻米蛋白质含量的差异很大;稻米蛋白质缺乏赖、苏、色、含硫氨基酸,尤以赖氨酸是所有供试品种(组合)的第一限制性氨基酸;各种氨基酸含量的高低顺序在不同品种(组合)中基本相似,都以谷、亮氨酸较高,色、蛋氨酸较低;各种氨基酸的含量都随稻米蛋白质含量的增减而不同程度地相应增减,但其中几种限制性氨基酸的增减程度最小.本研究中所有高蛋白品种,限制性氨基酸的相对含量反而较低.本文提出在保持较高蛋白质含量的基础上提高稻米蛋白质的质量是一个很值得重视的问题,并对提高几种限制性氨基酸相对含量的育种途径进行了讨论.

This paper syslcmicly analyses the grain prorcin content and amino acid composition in different types of cultivated rice varieties, including early Hsicn (indica), late Hsien, Hsientype-hybrid rice, late jing (japonica) type rice and special rice. The results as follows. 1. The protein content in diffcrcn rice varieties is comparatively very uneven. 2. Rice protein lacks of lysine, thrconinc, tryptophan and sulfur-amino acids, and of which lysine is the first limiting amino acid. 3. The sequence of arrangements for all amino acid levels among different varieties arc approximately similar. All has more glutamic acid amd leucinc, and less tryptophan. 4.With rice protein content up and down, all amino acid levels showed, corresponding increases or decrease , however, several limiting amino acids showed less variations. In our current study, all the high protein varieties contained comparatively less limiting amino acids. This paper suggcstcs that it is a problem worthy of emphasis how to improve rice protein qulily on the basis of maintaining high protein content through breeding ways. And also the breeding ways should be adopted to improve the relative contents of several limiting amino acids.