内蒙乌兰察布草原农垦区沙漠化过程发展趋势及其治理

Desertification Developmental Trend and Rehabilita-tion of Steppe Assart in Wulan Qarb League, Inner Mongolia

本文对内蒙乌兰察布草原农垦区沙漠化形成发展过程进行了分析,认为,该区处于不稳定的半干旱气候临界地带,人们不分地域、非适度的草原农垦造成地表风蚀,土地生产力下降是沙漠化产生的主要原因。通过对不同程度沙漠化土地取样分析及风洞模拟实验证明,沙漠化是以地表形态变化为标志,以上壤肥力不断丧失为核心,以自然一社会生态系统持续退化终至瓦解为结果的环境渐变过程。而且这个过程由于人为活动的反复干预会加速。 在对典型区土地沙漠化速率分期进行计算后认为,如果不采取措施,沙漠化土地面积继续扩大、程度不断加深将是这个地区沙漠化发展的主要趋势。因此,采取积极有效的措施,控制人口,调整农业结构,保护和合理利用资源是解决沙漠化问题的关键。

The influences of cultivation and other human activities on the desertification of steppe assarts are analyzed.Changes in surface morphology and mechanical composition associated with desertification as well as the migration of chemical elements within the soil were examined.The substantial changes of the agroecosystem are summarized. Future desertification expansion was predicted through comparative analysis of aerial imagery. Land reclamation measures appropriate to local conditions and desertification process are proposed.