大麦胞质小麦

Wheat With Barley Cytoplasm

本文报导了新近我们从栽培大麦×普通小麦属间回交后代中获得的自变可育异质小麦后代的细胞学和生化学分析结果,异质小麦F_1体细胞染色体数变动在41～43,其中整倍体(2n=42)的频率为93.95％,F_1植株花粉母细胞在减数分裂中期Ⅰ时染色体的构型为n=21Ⅱ和n=20Ⅱ+2Ⅰ,示遗传型稳定。2n=42植株的染色体N——分带,其带型类似普通小麦,采用叶绿体组分Ⅰ蛋白等电聚焦电泳分析表明,杂种细胞质的遗传主要来自母本大麦,证明该异质小麦,就是大麦胞质小麦。大麦胞质小麦的表型,为完全自交可育,植株生长正常,早熟、千粒重高,在小麦改良中,有直接应用价值。

Cytological and biochemical analysis in the F_1 progenies of alloplasmic wh-eat which derived from intergenetic Hordeun--Triticum hybrid were reported.The chromosome number in the F_1 plants of alloplasmic wheat varied from2n= 41 to 2n= 43. The frequency of euploid plants (2n = 42) was 93.95%. Meiotieconfiguration at metaplasm I showed n= 21Ⅱ and n= 20Ⅱ + 2Ⅰ. Those indicatedthatthe alloplasmic wheat are cytologically Stable. Biochemical analysis viaFraction 1 Protein isoelectrofocusing has been carried out for studing of thegenetic correlation of barley and wheat hybrid. Experimental results showed thatthe cytoplasmic inheritance of alloplasmic wheat mainly derived from thematernal barley parent. The phenotypic characteristics of (barley) wheat hybridwere completely fertile, early maturity and large kernels. Therefore, thealloplasmic (barley, cytoplasm) wheat might have a potential use in wheatimprovement.