河西走廊玉米地膜栽培高产生育规律的研究

A Study on Highyield Development pattern of Corn in Film Mulch Cultivation

在同等栽培条件下地膜玉米亩产699公斤,露地玉米544.5公斤,亩增产154.5公斤,增产率为28.83％。玉米地膜覆盖栽培,苗期日平均地温提高2.07—3.83℃,增加积温158.6—181.6℃;出苗期提高土壤含水量4.3％;叶面积指数处于3.0以上的时期长达51天,较露地栽培(25天)多26天,总光合势达188671M^2·日/亩,较露地栽培147205M^2·日/亩高28.17％;净果穗干重与茎叶干重相等时,地膜玉米较露地玉米提前14天;千粒重提高23.42％,充实指数提高5.52％,经济产量光能利用率达0.538％,较露地栽培的0.419％提高了30.119％。

Comparing with the bareground cultivation of corn, the soil temperature and accumulated temperature in mulch field raised 2.07—3.82℃, and 158.6—181.6℃ respectively in the period of seedling. At the seedling stage the soil moisture increased 4.3％. Moreover, within the whole period of corn growth, the duration in which LAI was over 3.0 reached i51 days, which was 26 days longer than bareground cultivation. The total leafday product reached 188671m^2./day/mu, which was 28.17％ higher than that (147205m^2.day/mu) in the condition of bareground cultivaion. The days at which the net dry weight of ears was equal to the dry weight of stalkes and leaves reached 14 days ahead. Therefore, the ripe grains of corn were more plump (the filling coefficient raised 5.52％). The thousand-grain-weight was 23.42％ higher in film mulch cultivation than that in bareground cultivation. At the end of experiment, the film mulch corn gave 609 kg/mu grain, which was 154.5kg or 28.39% higher than that in bareground cultivation. As a result, the solar energy utilization eoef. ficient of grain reached 0.538％, which was 0.119％ higher than that in bareground cultivation,