四十年来我国果树科技的回顾与展望

THE RETROSPECT OF CHINESE FRUIT SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUE OF THE PAST FOURTY YEARS AND ITS PROSPECT

根据有关资料对我国果树科技四十年来在果树资源调查和种质资源研究、新品种选育、栽培技术、病虫防治,贮藏保鲜和生物技术等方面的科技成果和进展进行了回顾,并针对我国果树科技的薄弱环节和生产及科学发展的需要提出了我国果树科技今后发展的战略设想。

The progress and achievements of chinese fruit science and technique in the past fourty years were reviewed in this article. In the fifties of this century, China explored her nationwide fruit resources, they discovered many many valuable local varietes. The results of the nationwide fruit resources exploration indicated there are quite a lot of wild deciduous and evergreen fruit trees and shrubs still growing in the mountainous region of many provinces. In the end of seventie? of this century, China had an exploration of Actinidia resources, many valuable selections have been selected from the wild kiwi plants, some of the best selections grow big fruits with best eating quality and long storage life, the average weight of the fruit is often more than 100 g.In the past fourty years China has bred and selected around 200 new fruit varieties, including apple, chinese pear, peach, chinese plum, cherry, grape, orange, banana, pineapple etc. The new apple varieties 'Huagttan' (Golden Delicious×Fuji), 'Huashuai'(Fuji×Starkrimson), are much better than the standard varieties 'Golden Delicious' and 'Red Delicious' grown in the world. In the last part of this article, according to the current situation and the demand of fruit industry in China, the authour outlines the main research field which should be put best attention in the future for the development of chinese fruit science and technique.