鱼类游泳运动的研究——Ⅰ、三种海洋鱼类游泳的运动学特性

STUDIES ON FISH SWIMMING Ⅰ . SWIMMING KINEMATICS OF THREE SPECIES OF MARINE FISHES

作者提出鲭鱼(Scomber scombrus L.)、绿青鳕(Pollachius virens(L))和鲱鱼(Clupea harengus L.)的游泳运动学特性。实验表明,这三种鱼类的游泳速度与摆尾频率成线性关系。当泳速大于三倍体长/秒(BL/S)时,单位游距几乎不随游速变化,其平均值分别为:鲭鱼0.90体长(BL)、绿青鳕0.88BL、鲱鱼0.70BL。其摆尾幅度都不随游速变化,平均值在0.21～0.23BL之间,各种鱼之间无显著差别。作者认为,鱼类游泳的单位游距与鱼类的体型、肌肉及游泳推进性能有关,而单位游距的差异是身体—尾鳍式游泳的鱼类之间最大游速差异的主要原因。

Swimming movemencs of mackerel ( Scomber scombrus L.) , saithe (Pollachius virens (L) ) and herring (Clupea harengus L.) were recorded with a high speedcine camera and video cameras and their kinematic parameters were analysed. The results show that the swimming speed, in all three species, has a linear relationship with the tail beat frequency. The mean stride length is 0.90 body length (BL) for mackerel, 0.88 BL for saithe and only 0.70 BL for herring. The tail beat amplitude of all three species does not change with the swimming speed. The mean values are between 0.21 and 0.23 BL, and there arc no statistical differences among the species. It is argued that the stride length of fish swimming is related to the body shape, muscle volume and propulsive characteristics of the fish and it is the stride length that causes the different maximum swimming speeds among species.