滇东南壮族社区森林资源管理分析

Study on community forest resource management of the Zhuang nationality in Southeast Yunnan of China

采用民族植物学、社会学以及生态学调查方法,对云南马关县卢差冲壮族社区(11个样地)的森林资源状况和不同管理方式进行了研究和分析。结果表明,壮族"龙山"森林文化促进了当地社区森林和生态环境的维持和保护,具有重要的传统文化意义;"龙山"林样地的物种多样性和均匀度高于其他样地,其乔木层的平均胸径、平均高度和木材蓄积量等明显优于其他社区森林。喀斯特山地森林物种多样性较低,但该社区将其划为集体林、风景林和水土保持林进行严格保护,对维持社区生态环境良性发展具有重要作用。社区农户在管理和利用自留山森林资源方面形成了多种管理模式,主要包括常规管理、择伐与选择性管理、粗放式管理以及强度管理,其中择伐与选择性管理模式能获得较高的木材产量,有利于社区森林资源的可持续利用,是值得推广的管理方式。

The forest resources status of the Zhuang nationality community（11 plots） in Luchachong Village of Maguan County,Yunnan Province were analyzed by using ethnobotanical,sociological and ecological investigations.The results show that the traditional culture of worshiping and strictly protecting sacred groves（called Holy Hill forest by the people of Zhuang nationality） can improve local community forest management and ecological environment protection,and has an important traditional cultural significance.The species diversity and evenness indexes of the Holy Hill forest are obviously higher than that of the other forest plots,and the mean diameter at breast height,mean height and timber volume of arbor layer in the Holy Hill forest are higher than that of the other community forests.Species diversity of karst forest is low,but the karst forest is protected strictly as collective forests,scenic forests and soil and water conservation forests in this community,which plays a very important role in benign development of local ecological environment.There are many management modes on managing and utilizing privately farmed hill forests,mainly including routine management,selective logging management,extensive management and excessive management,in which the selective logging management mode can obtain higher yield of timber and benefit sustainable utilization of community forest.It is concluded that the mode of selective logging management is worth popularizing.