罗源湾定置网鱼类组成

Investigations of the Fish Compositions of Fixed Net in Luoyuan Bay

罗源湾周年渔获中出现鱼类共194种,隶属于21目76科134属,其中软骨鱼有5目6科7属12种,占总种数6.19％,硬骨鱼16目70科127属182种,占93.81％。在季节变化上,种类组成以秋季最丰富为 103种,冬季较贫乏为81种,斑(鱼祭)等25种为周年渔获对象;种类组成上四季不甚相同,仅出现在春季的有33种,夏季12种,秋季25种,冬季23种,夏秋季共有种62种,其余均在40～48种之间;种类的适温性在夏季以暖水性种类所占比例最高(71％),暖温性种类最低(29％),冬季则相反,早春还出现冷温性种类(占1.05％)在食性类型上以主食底栖生物的鱼类占多数(56％)。渔获中常见的经济鱼类有大黄鱼等20余种,但在产量上,中小型鱼类(包括多种经济鱼类幼鱼)占绝对优势,因而渔获质量不高,而调整捕捞结构,加强渔政管理,开展海水鱼类人工增养殖是提高罗源湾渔获质量的有效途径。

There are 21 orders, 76 families, 134 genera and 194 species of fishes identified from the fish catches in Luoyuan Bay. The Chondrtchthian fishes are represented by 5 orders, 6 families, 7 genera and 12 species (6.19% of the total), the Osteichthian fishes are represented by 16 orders, 70 families, 127 genera and 182 species (93.81%). The species compositions in season variety is higer in autumn with 103 species, and lowest in winter. 81 species. Twenty-five species such as Clupanodon punctatus, etc. are caught through the year. The variation of species composition in four seasons is insignificant, thirty-three are found only in spring, and twelve in summer, twenty-five inautumn and twenty-three in winter. Sixty-two spcies are in common in summer and autumn,and in other seasons, ranging from forty to forty-eight. As far as the adaptability to temperature is concerned the proportion of warm-water species is highest (71%), and that of warm-temperate ones is lowest (29%) in summer, but conversely in winter. In addition,there are a fewclod-temperate species occurring in early-spring (2.11%). In regard to the pattern of feeding habit, thefishes feeding mainly on the benthonic organisms hold an important position, accounting for 56%. More than twenty species, such as Pseudosciaena croscea,Trichiurus haumela, Muraenesox cinereus and so on, are of common occurrence in the fish catches. But, the small-size fishes including many kinds of larva of the economic ones are dominant, that is why the low quality in fish catches. It is quite necessary to pay more attention to reestablish the fishing means and to saveguard the resources of the economic fishes. On the other hand, it is a very important way to develop the artificial cultivation of the economic bottom fish.