环境影响评价——适用于发展中国家的基本程序

Environmental Impact Assessment—Basic Procedures for Developing countries

1.什么是环境影响评价?环境影响评价,简称“EIA”,是一种用来预测规划中的大型发展项目环境后果的正规分析过程。这类发展项目,例如,建设一座水坝和水电站、大流域灌溉工程或建设一座港口等。环境影响评价应注重考虑可能影响项目存在的矛盾或自然资源的制约等问题。还要审查项目对人类可能造成哪些损害,包括对人类住地和生计的损害,以及对邻近地区发展的影响等。在预测出潜在的问题以后,还要制订出将问题减至最少的措施,并指出改善拟建项目适应环境的途径。

Environmental impact assessment is needed for major development projects such as dams,hydroelectric power stations and irrigation systems.Environmental impact assessment predicts the likely environmental impacts of projects,finds ways to reduce unacceptable impacts and presents these predictions and options to decision- makers. The principles in managing environmental impact assessment include focusing on the main issues,involving local persons and groups,linking information to decisions about the projects,presenting clear options for the mitigation of impacts and for sound environmental management and providing information in a form useful to the decision—makers. The author also introduces the procedures of environmental impact assessment.