泰国自然资源的保护与持续发展

Conservation and Sustainable Development of Natural Resources in Thailand

过去二十五年泰国发展的特征是,在经济高速增长的同时,国家的自然资源不断遭到破坏。如许多别的国家一样,目前,泰国正面临着在保持经济持续增长的前提下,而又不进一步破坏自然资源,从而使子孙后代的繁荣发展受到损害的两难处境。这种窘境在农村地区尤其如此,现在人们对自然资源的破坏已经损害了社会底层人们的生活。泰王国政府过去试图通过划定自然保护区等措施来制止这种环境破坏,但是由于没有认识到必须先解决过度开采自然资源的基本问题,以减轻对资源需求的压力,因此这些尝试都先后失败。现在人们认识到,引起环境恶化的主要原因之一是,五十、六十年代人口的急剧增长,造成了土地不足或者没有维持基本生活水平的土地,结果,不是土地生产率低,就是初级产品价格过低导致收益减少。同时,迁往新居的移民常常缺乏经营资源基地的技术或投资,因而不能采用保护性的长期开发战略。泰王国政府对环境和自然资源的管理已逐渐关注,在控制环境方面,继最初划定自然保护林区之后。

As with many countries in the world,Thailand has experienced a rapid economic development accompanying a steady deterioration of the country's natural resources.The complexity of this issue is not just involving the econo- mic growthand natural resources per se,but rather the interactions of a host of factors such as social,cultural and institutional ones.The conception of sustainable development is more and more recognized by the Thai government. A series of research projects for sustainable development have been carried out and research results have been successfully adopted in the vast countryside.Following principles have been summerized:an integrated approach to the solution of development:development activities with area-specific in nature;adoption of appropriate techno- logy;maximum utilization of local resources;people's participation and field demonstration.