美国的地下水

Ground-Water in the United States

1.前言地下水是美国的重要自然资源,用途很多,其中包括工农业生产和生活用水。大家都清楚地看到,地下水易受污染,所以目前各州越来越重视保护地下水资源。主要是通过开展地下水保护战略,将地下水进行分类,控制污染源,如设有害废物地下水储罐、危险废物处理和处置设施等,另外还需要制定防止地下水污染的方案。因为清除已污染的地下水,提供适合的饮用水,或公共用水,对消费者都需要增加大量的处理费用。本文阐述了保护地下水资源问题,反映了各州对保护国家地下水资源的重视。

Ground-water is a vital natural resources used for a variety of purposes in the U. S., including industrial, agricultural and iomestic needs. The ground-water protection strategies and ground-water classification programs are developed to control the pollution. Waste treatment and disposal facilities are under control to prevent the contamination of ground-water. Starting form 1984, EPA has requested the states to expand and improve groundwater reporting. The instructions EPA sent to the states for reporting specified minimum ground-water criteria. These instructions directed states to cite their major sources of contamination and rank the top four sources, with the top-ranked source identified as the primary source of concern. This article, based on the data from the states, introduces the groundwater use in the U. S., major contaminants and sources of contamination, ongoing state programs for ground-water protection and federal programs designed to assist the states in developing their ground-water protection programs. These programs illustrate ground-water protection strategies being developed and implemented by the states.