自然灾害史料的信息化处理

NUMERICAL PROCESSING OF DOCUMENTARY SOURCES ON NATURAL DISASTERS

本文根据我国自然灾害史料的特点,设计了一套由灾情发生时间、地点、灾情种类及严重程度、参考文献等要素组成的数字编码方案,详细给出了用于灾情描述的编码表,如大气圈异常、水圈响应、动植物响应、人类初级响应及政府响应等描述用语的编码表。对《山东历代自然灾害志》的数字编码实践表明,本方案是切实可行的。

In this paper, we analysed the characteristics of documentary sources on natural disasters. Through discussing the basic principle of coding documents into numerical data, we developed a coding format and a series of coding rables. The coding format is composed of thirteen items, i.e. time, site disasterter sort and severity, reference and so on. The detail tables, such as anormaly of atmosphere, response of response hydrosphere, response of plants and animals, response of mankind and response of government are given out respectively. All records on natural disasters of Shandong Province, eastern China from 1470 to 1936 have been coded and the results have been stored on floppies. So, the documentary sources can be analysed in objective and effective manner by using computer.