摘要
由于时代的局限与个人的偏爱,在历史上常常出现这样一种局面:一个思想家,一度享有盛名,得到学术界的高度推崇;一度又倍受奚落,成为各种落后思潮的代名词。恩内斯特·马赫,这位在科学、哲学、教育及人类事务诸领域做出卓越贡献的学者,这位由于种种原因与爱因斯坦、列宁等相连的名字,在人类理智史上扮演了类似的角色。对他的赞扬与崇拜、迷信与神化、谩骂与攻击以及曲解和误解相继出现、持续不断。由于其它的社会、历史原因,给了解真相带来了不少困难。近几十年,随着研究的深入,马赫在思想史上的巨大贡献和影响已得到公认。
There are two opinions about E. Mach’s rejection of atomic theories. One is the "philosophical account", which holds that Mach’s attitues derive from his sensationalist epistemology. Mach believed,it is claimed,that the knowable world consisted solely of "elements". The other is the "scientific account". Some scholars think that it is not philosophical thought,but certain important facets of Mach’s scientific career that might explain his diffidence about theories of the micro-realm. Instead of agree with the two opinions,I argue that it is Mach’s view about the aims and methods of scientific inquiry that provide the framework within which he develops most of his criticisms of atomic hypotheses.
出处
《大自然探索》
1989年第4期98-104,共7页
Discovery of Nature
