不同海拔地区藏獒肺组织结构及肺动脉血管壁的比较观察

Comparative observation on the structure of lungs and wall of pulmonary arteries of Tibetan mastiff from different altitudes areas

通过光镜观察及形态学测量方法对青海省果洛藏族自治州达日县(海拔4 000 m左右)及甘肃省兰州地区各5只藏獒肺的组织结构和肺动脉血管壁的特性进行了研究。结果表明,藏獒肺胸膜较厚,其中富含大量胶原纤维和弹性纤维;支气管、细支气管管壁较厚,固有层与外膜有较多弹性纤维;肺呼吸部肺泡管的数量多,每支呼吸性细支气管分出多条肺泡管,肺泡管宽大;许多肺泡常呈现萎陷的小囊,分布在肺泡管周围;肺泡隔内毛细血管丰富,并呈扩张状态,管腔内红细胞数量较多。动脉血管壁测量结果显示,不同海拔地区藏獒肺小动脉中膜肌层厚度与血管外径的百分率差异不显著(P>0.05),但高于牦牛和驼马。

The structure of lungs and the features of pulmonary artery wall of Tibetan mastiff from Lanzhou Prefecture of Gansu Province and Dari County of Qinghai Province（5 of each） were studied by op tical microscopy and morphologic observation. The results indicated that the pulmonary pleura is very thick and rich in collagenous fibers and elastic fibers. The walls of bronchi and bronchioli are thicker than those of cattle or sheep because there are many elastic fibers in proper coat and tunica externa. There are great many alveolar ducts in the respiratory portion. Each respiratory bronchiole branched and formed many generous alveolar ducts. The alveolar ducts surrounded by many smaller and collapsed pulmonary alveolus. There are rich dilating capillaries with many erythrocytes. Morphologic observation of pulmonary artery wall indicated that there are no significant differences on the media thickness percentage of the pulmonary arteriole of Tibetan mastiff from different altitudes areas,but the pulmonary artery wall of Tibetan mastiff are thicker than those of yaks and llamas.