波普尔历史方法论探析

Exploring into Karl Popper’s Historical Methodology

英国著名的历史哲学家波普尔提出了证伪标准论,这一科学与非科学的划界标准,成为其历史方法论的哲学基石。由此延伸开来,波普尔以猜想—反驳法为历史研究方法,其具体表现是问题境况分析法,并与柯林武德的主观重演法进行了对比。波普尔还把"试错法"的自然科学方法运用于历史研究,产生了"零碎工程学"理论。关于历史因果关系问题,波普尔主张它由普遍规律和初始条件共同作出说明。

Karl Popper, the famous British historical philosopher, puts forward the theory of falsity-proving standard, which serves as a standard for differentiating the scientific from the non-scientific, has become the philosophical cornerstone in his historical methodology. Based on this, Popper adopts conjectures and refutations as the research method in history, namely, the question-condition analyzing method. He also makes a contrastive study of his method and the subjective-reenacting method by R.G. Collingwood. Additionally, Popper applies ＂the error-trial method＂ in natural science to the historical research, which results in the theory of ＂fragmentary engineering＂. As to the ＂historical causal relation＂, Popper advocates an explanation by considering both general rules and initial conditions.