应急能力评估的理论框架

Theory Framework of Capability Assessment for Emergency Management

本文从应急管理的一般原理和我国应急体系的现实特点出发,澄清了应急能力评估在功能设定、层次确定、内容选择、方法运用等四个层面的理论问题。文章认为,应急能力评估应以风险识别和脆弱性分析为基础,开发分别适用于城镇和社区、城市、都市区域、国家的多层次模型,注重应急能力的整体性,探索应急准备与应急绩效之间的差异与因果关系,依据评估层次和评估内容选择评估方法,加强理论模型与经验研究的结合,推动应急能力评估的有效反馈。

Based on analysis to general rules of emergency management and Chinese special experiences in this field, the paper clarified four theory issues of emergency capability assessment including function setting, unit selection, index system construction and data collection and analysis. The paper pointed out emergency capability assessment should be based on risk and vulnerability analysis, develop multi - level model for villages and communities, cities, metropolitan areas or whole nation, pay attention to the wholeness of emergency capability, explore the gap and causality between emergency readiness and emergency performance, combine theory framework with empirical studies closely, and improve the feedback to government emergency capability - building.