植物的性别决定机制

Sex-determining mechanisms in plants

植物性别决定具有不稳定性和多样性的特点,彻底揭示其机制难度较大,目前已经成为基因组学、染色体组学、进化遗传学和发育遗传学的研究热点。本文从性别决定基因、性染色体和激素调控三方面,以模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana L).、白麦瓶草(Silene latifolia L).、玉米(Zea mays L).、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)和番木瓜(Carica papaya L.)等为例,概述植物性别决定机制的国内外研究进展,总结了各学科相关研究主要技术路线、试验方法以及研究中尚待解决的问题,并重点介绍了分子标记、RNA沉默、FISH、SSH、BAC文库等遗传分析技术的应用使本研究领域取得的重大突破。

Nowadays, the plants sex-determining mechanism has become a research focus in the fields of genomics, evolutionary genetics and developmental genetics; however, it is difficult to be illustrated for its insta- bility and diversity. This paper generally introduced the home and abroad study developments of three aspects such as sex-determining genes, sex chromosomes and hormone regulation with the examples of the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana L., Silene latifolia L. Zea mays L. Cucumis sativus L. and Carica papaya L. etc, summarized the significant technical routes, experimental methods and problems to be resolved in the future, mainly introduc- ed the important breakthrough in this research field by the application of genetic analysis such as molecule markers, RNA silencing, FISH, SSH, BAC libraries and so on.