汽车主减速器非线性振动特性仿真

Simulation of nonlinear vibration of automobile main reducer

研究了汽车主减速器主传动齿轮的振动特性,考虑汽车主减速器传动中的齿侧间隙、时变啮合刚度、啮合冲击等非线性因素,建立变参数、弯扭耦合的8自由度非线性动力学模型,分析了主减速器周期、拟周期、混沌等3种典型振动形态,并对不同参数对系统非线性动态响应特性的影响及系统参数与关联维数、最大Lyapunov指数等非线性特征量之间的关系进行了仿真研究.结果表明,激励频率、刚度比、阻尼比等参数的变化对主减速器振动形态的影响形式有一定的规律性,非线性特征量对于主减速器振动特性具有足够的敏感度,能够表征主减速器的不同振动形态,并通过对实测3类主减速器振动信号的分析进一步验证了该结论.

In order to research vibration of transmission gears of main reducer, the simulation model of main reducer was discussed. Considering the nonlinear factors in gears transmission, such as gear backlash, meshing stiffness, and gear resultant error, an 8 degree of freedom nonlinear kinetics model with bending-torsional coupling vibration of main reducer was built, and three typical vibration modes, such as periodicity, quasi-periodicity and chaos, were analyzed, and the influences of different parameters on the vibration of gear system and the relationship of system parameters and nonlinear characteristic values, such as correlation dimension （CD） and largest Lyapunov exponent （LLE）, were discussed. Results showed that the vibration states varied with the incentive frequency, the stiffness ratio and damping ratio with some regularity, CD and LLE were sensitive enough to main reducer vibration states, and they could be used as the quantification factors of recognizing signal features and level. The result was verified by the analysis of three types of real signals from a main reducer performance test bed.