生物质水解发酵生产燃料乙醇的研究进展

Research Progress of Fuel Ethanol Production by Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Biomass

生物质原料丰富多样,用其发酵生产燃料乙醇,能缓解当今世界日益凸显的能源问题。本文综述了这一领域国内外的研究概况,纤维素原料水解发酵制取燃料乙醇的生产工艺,重点介绍了水解液的脱毒,发酵有关的微生物,菌种选育和几种典型的发酵工艺;对发酵乙醇的几种典型微生物如酿酒酵母、管囊酵母、树干毕赤酵母、休哈塔假丝酵母和运动单胞菌等进行了介绍,并对当今存在的问题进行了分析和展望。

The production of fuel ethanol by fermentation of biomass materials which are abundant and diverse could alleviate the increasingly prominent problem of energy The domestic and foreign development situation of the field, the process of fuel ethanol production by biomass hydrolysis and fermentation, as well as the analysis and prospect of the existing problems are reviewed. The hydrolysate detoxifieation, the microorganisms related to alcohol fermentation, strain breeding and several typical fermentation techniques are especially introduced. The typical microorganisms for ethanol production such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pachysolen tannophilus, Pichia stipitis, Candida shechatae and Zymomonas mobilis are also introduced. The present problems are analysed and prospected.