从习惯到法律:路径与特征的分析

From Customs to Laws:A Path and Characteristic Analysis

从习惯到法律的演变有两个基本的路径:一是纳入,其中包含重述和适用的过程;另一个是转化,其中包含编纂与整合的过程。同时,从习惯到法律演变的过程中,社会秩序始终蕴含着两种规则治理的二元化现象,这是由法权在两种规则中的不同表达形成的一种必然性的结果。从历时性过程进行分析,由习惯到法律演变的过程具有过程的渐进性、进程的交互性、方式的多样性、程度的差异性以及范围的扩展性这样5个方面的特征。

The evolution from customs into laws must follow either of the two paths ： adoption, which includes the process of repetition and adaptation, and transformation, which includes the process of editing and integration. At the same time, the polarization of social order enforced by two different systems of rules is the natural result of the laws＇ different expressions in these two different systems. Five characteristics, i. e. , progressiveness of process, mutuality of advancement, multiplicity of manners, divergence of degree, and expansion of scope, are put forward in analyzing the evolution of customs into laws.