南宋前期湖南民户移民研究

Research on Hunan’s Civilian Immigrants of Early Southern Song Dynasty

在靖康之乱以后的较长一段时间内,湖南外地迁入移民主要为官僚士大夫、游冦和撤退军兵,亦有少量北方民户移民。从绍兴末至孝宗朝时,南方民户移民才掀起迁移湖湘的高潮。在整个南宋前期,民户移民主要是因为开垦迁来湖南,而非因避难而迁。从其迁出地来看,来自南方者十之有八,南方移民中,来自东方或相邻地区者占十之八九,而其东方和相邻移民中,江西又占十之八九;来自北方者十有其二,而来自黄河中下游地区或非与湖南相邻地区者占其十之八九。呈现出"北少南多,北远南近,江西最亲"的特点。从其迁入地来看,民户移民主要迁入湘南和湘北,次为湘西、湘东和湘中,湘西南则最少;而各区域中,又有少数县为之主要迁入地。

In a long period of time after Jingkang chaos, the mainly immigrants of Hunan were Officials and literati, mobile gangster, and withdrawal of soldiers, along with seldom North civilian immigrants. It was from the end of Shaoxing to Xiaozong Dynasty that south civilian immigrants set off the climax of immigrating to Hunan. Throughout the early Southern Song Dynasty, Hunan＇s Civilian immigrants were mainly for Land reclamation, rather than for evacuation. From the perspective of move-out-places, 80-90% of Civilian immigrants came from the South, and of the South immigrants, 90% came from East or adjacent areas, of East or adjacent immigrants, 90% came from Jiangxi; 10-20% of Civilian immigrants came from the North, 80-90% of the North immigrants came from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and non-neighboring areas of Hunan. Northern immigrants were less and far, South immigrants were more and near, the most pro-Jiangxi＇s characteristics were showed. From the perspective of resettlement areas, most of the Civilian immigrants moved into southern Hunan and northern Hunan, second were the Western Hunan, central Hunan and eastern Hunan, and at least Southwest Hunan. it also has a few major counties in these areas that civilian immigrants tended to move into.