岩溶石山废弃采石场自然恢复早期的植被动态

Vegetation Dynamics at Early Natural Recovery Stage of Abandoned Quarry of Karst Hills

对广西田阳岩溶石山废弃采石场自然恢复早期阶段的植被动态进行研究,结果表明:采石场废弃地的维管束植物有60种,隶属22科54属,其中草本植物有44种,灌木16种。早期定居的植物主要是菊科和禾本科的草本植物,其中飞蓬、马唐、飞机草、扭黄茅、艾蒿和鬼针草在群落中占绝对优势;恢复5年后逐渐出现桂野桐、马樱丹、红背山麻杆、黄荆、盐肤木等耐旱的阳性灌木。随着自然恢复进程,植被覆盖率和物种多样性提高,群落结构发生变化,由单层结构发展为两层结构。加快废弃采石场植被的恢复进程,必须采取人工措施。

The vegetation dynamics at early natural recovery stage of abandoned quarry of karst hills in Tianyang county of Guangxi was investigated. The results showed that 60 species of vascular plants belonging to 22 families and 54 genera were found in the abandoned quarry,of which 44 species were herbaceous plants and 16 species were shrubs. The plants of early establishment were mainly annual or perennial herbaceous species of Compositae and Gramineae,and dominated by Erigeron acer,Digitaria sanguinalis, Eupatorium odoratum ,Heteropogon contortus,Artemisia lavandulaefoli and Bidens pilosa. After five-year restoration,some drought tolerant and heliophilous shrubs,such as Mallotus conspurcatus,Lantana camara, Alchornea trewioides, Vitex negundo and Rhus chinensis gradually emerged on the abandoned quarry land. As the process of natural restoration went on, vegetation coverage and plant species increased, and vertical stratification of community changed greatly from one to two layers. In order to speed up the process of vegetation restoration in the abandoned quarry ,artificial measures should be taken.