眼外伤429例临床分析

A clinical analysis on 429 admission cases of ocular trauma

目的:调查眼外伤的发病情况及临床疗效,探讨其防治措施。方法:对2002年1月～2006年2月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的429例眼外伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:429例眼外伤中,男女之比为5.40∶1,左眼占47%,右眼占44%,双眼占9%。眼外伤多发于21～40岁。工人及农民眼外伤者203例,占47.3%。工作场所受伤者占29.60%。暴力性眼外伤占21.40%,车祸外伤占9.21%。住院眼外伤患者以开放性眼球损伤、眼挫伤及眼附属器挫伤为主。眼部损伤以眼睑挫伤裂伤、角巩膜裂伤、前房积血、外伤性白内障较常见。治疗后致盲率下降了13.4%。结论:眼外伤是造成失明的主要原因之一。加强职业活动中的安全防护,强调规范操作可大大降低职业活动中眼外伤的发生,避免不必要的视功能损害。

Objective： To investigate the clinical characteristics of ocular trauma, evaluate therapeutic efficiency and study preventive measures. Methods： Clinical analysis of 429 admission cases （467 eyes） with ocular trauma from January 2002 to February 2006. Results： In 429 admission cases, the male to female ratio was 5.40 to 1. Forty-seven percent of injuries occurred to the left eye, 44% to the right, and 9G bilaterally. The average age was 46.8 years and a peak age of presentation between 21 and 40 years. Most pa tients （47.3%） were workers and farmers. Work-related ocular injuries accounted for 39.60% of all ocular injuries, Twenty one percent of all ocular injuries were caused by assault and fight, and 9.21% were relat ed to motor vehicle accident. The three leading types of hospitalized ocular injuries were open wound of eyeball; contusions of eyeball; and contusions of ocular adnexa. The commonest ocular injury problems were abrasion and laceration of eyelid, corneal/sclerotic laceration, hyphema and cataract. After treatment the rate of blindness decreased by 13.4%. Conclusions： Trauma is an important cause of ocular morbidity. General safety precautions and behavior modification are indicated. We suggest that preventive educational measures be instigated at workplaces to reduce the incidence of ocular traumatic emergency, especially se vere ocular injury. Proper disposal can reduce the rate of blindness.