区域发展政策的公平性分析——机会平等视角下的实证研究

Equality Analysis on Regional Development Policy——Empirical Research from Equality of Opportunity Perspective

以罗默提出的机会平等理论为基础,构建定量的实证分析框架,作为评价区域发展政策公平性的出发点。根据机会平等理论,在地区发展结果上所表现出的不平等是由于地区努力程度不同造成的,而非环境上的差异造成的,如果是环境因素引起的,则需要一定的政策来进行补偿,通过比较现行政策与理想状态下的机会平等政策之间的差异,可以对现行政策的机会平等性状况做出评价。通过构建数理模型,本研究利用省级、地级市和县级数据,以财政政策为研究对象,对空间因素下区域财政政策的机会平等性程度进行度量和分析。研究发现,无论是在省际间,还是在地级市或县际间,在研究时限内,财政政策在地区间并未实现发展机会的均等分布;同时,现行政策与机会平等政策相比存在着一定的效率损失,在发展结果的平等性与发展机会的平等性之间存在正相关的关系。研究认为,在制定区域发展政策的过程中,采取怎样的平等取向是制约政策效果的关键因素,依据机会平等的原则对发展政策进行审视具有十分积极的意义。

The study is based on the theory of equality of opportunity raised by Professor John Roemer, and constructs quantitative framework to be the starting point of evaluation of existing regional development policies. According to the theory of equality of opportunity,the inequality of development outcomes is caused by the self-efforts but not the differences of circumstance,and if differences of circumstance influence the outcomes there would be additional policies as compensation of circumstance disadvantages. By building mathematical models the study employs provincial,prefecture and county level data to analyze and review the level of equality of opportunity on fiscal policy under spatial factor. The study finds that there is uneven distribution of development opportunity in different regions under current fiscal policy,and loss of efficiency of current policy comparing with equality of opportunity policy. There is positive correlation between equality of outcomes and equality of opportunity. The study suggests that it is crucial to choose equity orientation during the regional development policy making process,and it is also positive to consider development policy under the principle of equality of opportunity.