贵州省兰科植物地理新分布

New Geological Distribution of Orchidaceae Plants in Guizhou Province

[目的]研究兰科植物在贵州省的最新地理分布。[方法]通过调查贵州省的兰科植物种质资源并查阅相关资料,发现有一种未曾记入文献的兰科植物分布在贵州省。[结果]该独花兰的主要形态特征如下：假鳞茎为椭圆形、淡黄色 叶1枚,宽卵状椭圆形,背面紫红色 叶柄长4.2~4.8 cm 花1朵,紫色,葶长10.5 cm,鞘2枚,膜质 花梗和子房长8.6 cm 花瓣呈倒卵状披针形 侧裂片直立,卵状三角形。它主要生长于海拔400~1100（~1800 m）树林下腐殖质丰富的土壤上和山谷中荫蔽的地方,主要分布在江苏西南部、安徽、浙江西部、湖北、湖南、四川南部及陕西南部。[结论]新发现的这一兰科植物为独花兰,是我国特有的单种属植物。

[Objective] The purpose was to study the newest geological distribution of orchidaceae plants in Guizhou Province.[Method] Through investigating the germ resources of orchidaceae plants in Guizhou Province and referring to relative data,one orchidaceae species,which had not been written into literatures,was found to distribute in Guizhou Province.[Result] The major morphological characters of Changnienis amoena were as follows： its pseudobulb was oval shape and light yellow;it had one wide-egg oval-shape leaf with purplish red on the back; the length of its leafstalk was 4.2 -4.8 cm; it had one purple flower with pedicle length of 10.5 cm; it had 2 membrane sheath; the length of its pedicle and ovary was 8.6 cm; its petals were inverted-egg lanceolate; its side lobe was vertical and egg-triangle. It mainly grew on the soil rich in humus under woods and in the shady place in valley at elevation of 4130- 1 100 （ - 1 800 m）. It mainly distributed in the southwest of Jiangsu, Anhui, the west of Zbejiang, Hubei, Hunan, the southern of Siehuan and Shaanxi. [ Conclusion] The newly found orehidaceae plant was C. amoena, it was Chinese peculiar monetypie genera plant.