秋水仙素对大蒜生长的影响及多倍体诱导效应分析

Analysis on the Influences of Colchicine on the Growth of Allium sativum and Its Polyploid Induction Effect

[目的]探讨诱导大蒜染色体加倍的有效方法。[方法]以秋水仙素为诱变剂,比较不同浓度和不同时间处理对大蒜的多倍体诱导效应。[结果]经秋水仙素处理过的植株,在相同浓度下,随着秋水仙素处理时间的延长,株高降低,细胞有丝分裂指数减小,染色体加倍率升高。在相同的处理时间内,随着秋水仙素浓度的升高,株高降低,细胞有丝分裂指数明显减小,染色体加倍率显著升高。当秋水仙素浓度为0.05%,处理6 d时,染色体加倍率达到最高,为28.67%。随着浓度的增加和处理时间的延长,植株的死亡率逐渐上升,气孔面积也呈上升趋势。[结论]该研究为丰富大蒜种质资源和加速高产优质大蒜的育种进程奠定了基础。

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the effective method for inducing Allium sativum polyploid doubled.[Method] With colchicine as mutagen,the inductive effects of colchicine with different concn.on A.sativum polyploid in different treatment time were compared.[Result] When the plants were treated by colchicine,the plant height was decreased,the cell mitotic index was decreased and the chromosome-doubled rate was increased with the prolonging of treatment time of colchicine in the same concn. The plant height was decreased, the cell mitotic index was obviously decreased and the chronosome-doubled rote was signifieandy increased with the increasing of colehicine concn, in the same treatment time. When the colchicine cohen. was 0.05% and the treatment time was 6 d, the chromosome-doubled rate wag highest, being 28.67%. The plant mortality- was increased gradually and the stomatal size was also increased with the increasing of concn, and prolonging of treatment time. [Conclusion] The recarch laid the foundation for the abundance of A. sativim, germplasm resource and acceleration of the breeding process of high yield and quality A. sativum.