氯仿-甲醇提取贝氏柯克斯体组分Q热疫苗的安全性评价

Safety evaluation of Q fever vaccine of Coxiella burnetii treated with Chloroform-methanol

目的评价采用国内分离株研制的氯仿-甲醇提取贝氏柯克斯体组分Q热疫苗(CMRV)的安全性。方法分别用3批CMRV和灭活贝氏柯克斯体Q热疫苗(WCV)致敏豚鼠,4w后用相同疫苗对致敏豚鼠作皮肤试验。结果CMRV致敏豚鼠与WCV致敏豚鼠的皮试点红肿大小在皮试后1～6d无显著差异,但是从第7d开始,差异显著。皮试后第14d采集接种部位组织做病理切片,WCV致敏豚鼠皮试点的表皮组织有局灶性变性、坏死,并见大量炎性细胞浸润。CMRV致敏豚鼠的皮试点组织基本正常,少数豚鼠偶见局灶性变性,但无坏死现象。3批CMRV致敏豚鼠皮试点组织病变程度相似,均显著轻于WCV致敏豚鼠。结论采用国内分离株研制的氯仿-甲醇提取贝氏柯克斯体组分Q热疫苗的免疫副作用显著轻于灭活Q热疫苗,具有更好的安全性。

To evaluate the safety of Q fever vaccine developed with a Chinese isolate of Coxiella burnetii treated with chloroform-methanol （CMRV）. three batches of CMRV and the whole cells vaccine of Coxiella burnetii inactivated with formalin （WCV） were used to sensitize guinea pigs, respectively and the sensitized animals were intradermally inoculated with the homologous vaccine for the skin tests 4 weeks post sensitization. No significant difference in the sizes of inflamed skin was found between CMRV-and WCV sensitized guinea pigs 1 - 6 days post inoculation. However, the sizes of inflamed skin of WCV-sensitized guinea pigs were markedly larger than that of CMRV-sensitized guinea pigs 7 days post inoculation. On 14 days inoculation, the skin samples of inoculating sits were collected for pathological examination. For CMRV-sensitized guinea pigs, the skin tissues were almost normal for most of the animals and only focal degeneration was found in a few of these animals under microscopy. Nevertheless, the serious pathological alteration, including focal degeneration and necrosis and a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, was found in the skin tissues of WCV sensitized guinea pigs. The pathological altera- tions of CMRV-sensitized animals inoculated with any of the three batches of CMRV were significantly weaker than that of WCV-sensitized animals inoculated with WCV. The results demonstrate that the adverse reaction of CMRV developed with the Chinese isolate of C. burnetii is markedly lighter than that of WCV and it is much better than WCV in safety.