比较法视野下的国际私法渊源——兼论一般国际惯例不是国际私法的渊源

Sources of Private International Law from a Comparative Law Perspective——A Concurrent Discussion on the Proposition that General International Usages are not Sources of PIL

本文以比较法的视角探讨了国际私法的国内渊源和国际渊源。国内渊源包括国内制定法、国内判例法和国内习惯法,国际渊源主要是双边和多边的国际条约。关于国际习惯是否是国际私法的渊源,本文在对国际习惯和国际惯例加以辨析后指出:只有国际习惯法规则才具有法律约束力,才有可能成为法的渊源;一般国际惯例因不具有法律约束力而绝不可能成为法的渊源,遑论国际私法的渊源。

This article explores domestic and international sources of private international law from a comparative law perspective. Domestic sources include national statutory law, case law and customary law; whereas international sources are mainly bilateral and multilateral treaties. To address the question of whether international customs are sources of private international law, the present article differentiates and analyzes international customs and international usages, and points out that on this basis only international customary law rules have the binding force of law, which makes it possible for them to be sources of law. Due to a lack of the binding force of law, it is impossible for general international usages to be sources of law, let alone sources of private international law.