特大地震灾害中帐篷医院医院感染的预防与控制

Prevention and Control of Hospital Infection in Tent Hospital after Catastrophic Earthquake

目的通过对2008年5月12日特大地震受伤患者救治过程的分析,探讨紧急状况下帐篷医院医院感染的预防与控制,及其在大型拯灾中的实用性、可行性和可借鉴性。方法回顾分析2008年5月12-26日绵阳市中心医院收治的1557例患者情况,结合帐篷医院的建立、完善过程,及其规范的管理流程、方案,从而总结出医院感染预防与控制的经验与教训。结果总病例1557例,医院感染29例,占1.86%,无医院感染流行及局部暴发;感染病例137例,占总病例8.80%,无1例交叉感染及感染并发症;转出的104例感染患者中,感染基本得到控制48例,好转50例,痊愈6例。结论特大地震伤具有患者量大、住院集中、开放性患者多、危重患者比例高、帐篷医院医疗环境条件差等特点;高度重视、高层协调、科学的管理流程、早期介入及有效的执行力是医院感染预防与控制的关键。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the treatment process for the wound people after May 12 catastrophic earthquake 2008, so that to discuss the prevention and control measures of hospital infection in the tent hospital at emergency, and find the practicability, feasibility and referentiality of the tent hospital in from of the major disaster. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1557 wounded personnel admitted to Mianyang Central Hospital from May 12, 2008 to May 26, 2008, together with the process of foundation of the tent hospital, its management improvement and scheme, and to sum of experience, of the prevention and control of hospital infection. RESULTS Among the 1557 cases, 29（1.86%） were confirmed to be with hospital infection. No epidemics and local outbreaks of hospital infection were occurred, other 137 cases （8.80%） were infected but no pone with cross infection and complication of infection. Among the 104 patients transferred to another hospitals, the infection of 48 patients was controlled, 50 improved and 6 cured. CONCLUSIONS The characteristic of wounded personnel in catastrophic earthquake include large number of patients, open injury, and critical, serious and poor medical environment of the tenthospital. The key of prevention and control measures of hospital infection is high attention, advanced coordination, scientific management process, early intervention and effective executive ability.