论疑罪的语境

On the Context of Crimes with doubts

以事实为根据,以法律为准绳,是我国司法中的一项基本原则。该原则在个案中具体化时可能会遇到困境。在刑事司法活动中,刑事案件的事实是被事实裁判者创造出来的,评价事实的刑事法律是被解释出来的。作为根据的刑事案件事实认定和作为准绳的刑事法律解释都必然要受到裁判事实主体和法律解释主体主观因素的影响。当犯罪事实认定和适用刑事法律的正确性因为这种主观因素的影响而受到质疑时,疑罪问题就会产生,对疑罪问题的研究之关键,在于确定疑罪的语境。刑事司法三段论是定罪过程中的基本推理模式,但因为疑罪问题的存在已经使刑事司法三段论陷入危机之中。在确定小前题的过程中,可能会出现事实疑罪,其中包括客观疑罪和主观疑罪。在确定大前题的过程中,可能出现法律疑罪。刑法条文中概念的模糊性,刑法理论的竞争性,具体事实与刑法条文的相互作用是法律疑罪产生的根本原因。

That ＂To take facts as the basis for judgement and the law as criterion＂ is a basic priciple in China＇s judicature. However, it may be difficult to put this principle specifically in case. In the activities of criminal judicature, . the facts of the case is made out by the judge while the criminal law to evaluate the facts is explained out. Hence, both the acknowledgement of facts and the explanation of law will certainly be affacted by the subjective factors. When the correctness of the facts and the application of law being questioned, the doubtful crimes come out. And the key point of doubtful crimes research is the context in which we talking about it. Criminal justice syllogism is the basic reasoning model, but the existence of doubtful crimes has put the model into crisis. In the process of deciding the minor premise, the doubtful crime on facts may come out including objective and subjective doubtful crime, while in the process of deciding the major premise, the doubtful crime on law may turn up. The ambiguity of concepts in criminal law , the competition of theories and the interaction between facts and the articles of criminal law are the basic reasons for doubtful crimes＇ coming out.