长沙市农村中学生暴力遭遇影响因素多元多水平分析

Using multivariate multilevel model in studying the influential factors of violence among rural high school students in Changsha

目的分析长沙市农村中学生暴力遭遇发生影响因素。方法以过去一年是否遭遇情感暴力、躯体暴力、性暴力为多应变量，采用多元多水平logistic回归模型分析三种暴力类型间的相关关系及暴力遭遇的影响因素。结果在3620名被调查者中，情感暴力、躯体暴力和性暴力的发生率分别为21．5％、24．3％和2．0％。采用多元多水平模型将班级水平的随机效应分离出来后得到情感暴力与躯体暴力、情感暴力与性暴力，躯体暴力与性暴力之间的相关系数分别为0．337、0．133、0．131；躯体暴力发生率在班级内存在聚集性（Х^2=4．286，P=0．038）；情感暴力与性暴力在班级内存在关联性（Х^2=4．239，P=0．039）；躯体暴力与性暴力在班级内存在关联性（Х^2=4．482，P=0．034）。暴力发生率的影响因素有性别、吸烟、父母吵架、欺负他人、自尊水平。结论多元多水平模型可将班级水平的随机效应分离出来，使结果的估计更加准确；在采取有关措施降低中学生暴力遭遇发生率时，除应注意一些个人因素和家庭因素的影响外，班集体小环境所起的作用也不容忽视。

Objective To provide evidence for setting up violence intervention programs in rural middle schools, through studying the influential factors. Methods Taking variables including emotional, physical and sexual violence in the past year as the multi-dependent variables before multivariate multilevel model logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the correlations among the three kinds of violence and the influential factors. Results Among 3620 respondents, the incidence rates of emotional, physical and sexual violence weres 21.5%, 24.3% and 2.0% respectively. The correlation coefficients between emotional violence vs. physical violence, emotional violence vs. sexual violence, physical violence vs. sexual violence were 0.337,0.133,0.131 respectively when the random effect of class difference was separated by multivariate multilevel model. There was an internal aggregation of the incidence rate on physical violence in different grades （Х^2=4.286, P=0.038） and an internal relevant between emotional violence vs. sexual violence （Х^2=4.239, P=0.039）, physical violence vs. sexual violence （Х^2 =4.482, P= 0.034）. The influential factors on the incidence rates of violence would include： sex, smoking status, family without harmony, tendency of bullying others and the level on self-esteem etc. Conclusion When the random effect of class difference was separated by multivariate multilevel model, the estimated results would be more precise. Other than paying more attention to both individual and family influential factors when taking measures to reduce the incidence rate of violence in high school students, the effect of environment in the class should not be ignored.