内蒙古部分边境口岸地区主要蜱类及蜱媒病原检测

Detection of tick and tick-borne pathogen in some ports of Inner Mongolia

目的调查内蒙古主要陆地边境口岸地区蜱的种群分布、构成和自然感染病原体情况。方法采用人工／小时布旗法和宿主体上搜法采集蜱标本，PCR法进行病原检测。结果在被调查的策克、满都拉、满洲里3个口岸地区共采集蜱1313只，隶属于1科4属7种。草原革蜱在3个口岸均有分布，策克口岸获蜱占69．08％、蜱种多（6种）、短小扇头蜱为该口岸的优势种占74．86％。3个口岸地区共检测出5种蜱传疾病病原体，其中贝氏斯柯氏体仅在策克检出；平均感染率依次为莱姆病螺旋体15．08％、人巴贝西原虫3．35％、斑点热群立克次体1．98％、贝氏斯柯氏体1．07％、埃立克体0．99％。蜱感染莱姆病螺旋体阳性率在上述3个口岸地区均较高，分别为13．56％、22．88％、5．00％，且地区间差异有统计学意义；人巴贝西原虫、斑点热群立克次体地区间阳性率差异有统计学意义。结论莱姆病螺旋体等5种蜱媒病原在策克、满都拉、满洲里口岸地区有不同程度自然感染。

Objective To investigate the distribution, composition and situation of natural infection pathogen of tick species in the main ports of Inner Mongolia. Methods All ticks were collected manually with white cloth, from the grassland and searching for the hosts followed by detection of pathogens, with PCR. Results 1313 ticks identified, belonged to 1 family, 4 geniuses and 7 species in the three surveyed areas, with Dermacentor nuttallia distributed in the Ceke, Mandula and Manzhouli bordering ports. 69.08% of the total species were discovered at Port Ceke, with Rhipicephalus pumilio as the predominant one, which accounted for 74.86%. 5 kinds of tick-borne disease pathogens were detected from ticks in these three bordering ports while only Coxiella burnetii was found at the Port Ceke. In these three ports, the average infection rates of Lyme disease borrelia , Human babesia microti, Spotted fever group Rickettsia, Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichiosis were 15.08%, 3.35%, 1.98%, 1.07%, 0.99% respectively. The positive rate of tick infected with Borrelia burgdorferi were 13.56%, 22.88%, 5.00% in the 3 bordering ports, respectively with significant differences. The positive rates of Babesia microti and Spotted fever group Rickettsia infections were also significantly different among these areas. Conclusion The natural infection rates of the above mentioned five kinds of tick-borne pathogens were different in the Ports Ceke, Mandula and Manzhouli.