应用膜抗原荧光抗体试验检测人群水痘-带状疱疹病毒血清抗体阳性率

Seroepidemiology of varicella-zoster virus infection measured by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test

目的应用膜抗原荧光抗体试验（FAMA）方法调查广州地区正常人群水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）的流行现状。方法采用以VZV感染细胞作为抗原、异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）标记的羊抗人IgG作为二抗的FAMA试验，对随机抽取的592份正常人血清标本进行特异性VZV抗体检测。结果FAMA试验检测VZV抗体与其他的疱疹类病毒的相应抗体不产生交叉反应。应用此法检测592份血清标本中，VZV抗体总体阳性率为76．52％；1～、4～、7～、14～、20～、30～、40～及≥50岁年龄组血清抗体阳性率分别是14．67％、51．56％、73．91％、91．26％、92．78％、95．65％、98．11％和100％。1～3岁年龄组血清抗体阳性率最低，血清抗体阳性率随年龄的增大而升高；不同性别间阳性率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．005），不同年龄组间阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论采用FAMA法检测人群中VZV抗体与其他疱疹类病毒的相应抗体不产生交叉反应，是VZV抗体检测的可靠方法。应以1～3岁儿童为VZV疫苗免疫的首选对象.

Objective Adopting serology assay-fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen （FAMA） as ＂gold standard＂, sero-prevalence status of varicella-zoster virus （VZV） infection was investigated, in Guangzhou. Methods FAMA test was established with VZV infected human embryo fibroblasts as antigens and fluorescein isothiocyanate （FITC） labeled goat anti-human IgG as the secondary antibody. Sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated. The sero-prevalence of anti-VZV IgG in 592 serum specimens randomly collected from a clinical laboratory, was analyzed with FAMA. Results Data from FAMA test showed no cross-reaction with other Herpesviruses when it was used to detect VZV antibodies. The overall prevalence of VZV antibody was 76.52%. Age-specific prevalence rates of VZV antibody in different age groups as： 1-3, 4-6, 7-13, 14-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, ≥50, were found to be 14.67%, 51.56%, 73.91%, 91.26%, 92.78%, 95.65%, 98.11% and 100%, respectively. The sero-prevalence of 1-3 age group appeared the lowest but rose sharply with the increase of age but showing no association with gender. Conclusion Our data indicated that VZV infection occurred in early childhood, in Guangzhou, suggesting that the primary recipients of VZV vaccine should be under the 1-3 age group. Additional subjects for vaccination would be children above 3 years old with no history of VZV infection, and serology test negative for VZV. The assay was validated by its excellent specificity and could be used as the first choice in the detection of protective antibodies against VZV infection.