密云水库上游石匣小流域水土流失综合治理范式研究

Research on Paradigm of Soil Erosion Comprehensive Control about Shixia Small Watershed in the Upstream of Miyun Reservoir

水土资源合理利用及生态环境可持续发展是当前水土流失综合治理研究的热点问题。论文以密云县石匣小流域近10年水土流失综合治理的数据为基础,综合探讨了石匣小流域水土流失综合治理措施的结构和功能,分析了水保效益及经济效益。研究表明,工程措施及生物措施合理布置是控制水土流失的关键,在北方地区,由于降雨量偏少,水分是影响植被措施的关键,研究表明阴坡的水分要好于阳坡,植被封郁度也好于阳坡,因此在实施生物措施时应该考虑阴坡、阳坡对植被的影响,在实施生物措施时必须结合工程措施;土地利用结构的调整,是控制水土流失最有效的途径,石匣小流域土地利用经过十几年调整,森林覆盖度显著增加,已由治理初期的44%增加至目前的80%以上,土壤侵蚀面积已经由1992年的32.22 km2下降到1999年的0.1763 km2,土壤侵蚀模数降至422 t/(km2.a),相当于治理前的16.9%,同时收到很好的社会经济效益,人均年收入已经由1991年的670元增加至2001年底的2830元左右;目前石匣小流域综合治理范式已经达到可持续发展程度,这种范式的总结为密云县水土流失综合治理乃至整个北方土石山区水土流失的防治提供了借鉴作用及样板。

The rational utilization of water and land resources and environment sustainable development are hotspot about integrated control of water and soil loss. The soil erosion comprehensive control measures have been put in practice for more than 10 years in Shixia small watershed, which gained remarkable ecosystem benefit and economic benefit. Research indicates that the rea- sonable collocation of engineering and biological measures is the key to soil erosion control. In northern China, rainfall is scarce, the water content of soil on shady slope is better than that on sunward slope, and the vegetation status on shady slope is better than that on sunward slope, so in the process of putting vegetation measure in practice, the effect of shady slope and sunward slope on vegetation should be considered. Rational land use could control soil erosion effectively, as a result of the increasing of forest land and the cover rate of forest, water and soil loss have been controlled effectively. The results show that the soil eroded area have been reduced to 0. 1763 km2 in 1999 from32. 22 km2in 1992, soil erosion which is severer than the moderate soil erosion have disappeared, and soil erosion modulus have been reduced to 422 t/（km2 . a） , which was 16. 9% of the soil erosion modulus before taking integrated control measures. Water and soil conservation benefits for static state increased to 11. 274 yuan in 1997 from -18.03 yuan in 1992, the dynam- ic benefits in 1997 was 24. 427 yuan more than that before taking soil erosion control measures. Combining water and soil conservation control measures with management, per capital annual net income increased to 2830 yuan in 2001 from 670 ers initiative in water and soil conservation work. yuan in 1991, which greatly enhanced the farmall of those is good for the sustainable development of soil erosion control work, which could offer reference and experience for other regions in northern China.