游憩活动对赭山风景区大型土壤动物群落的影响

Effects of Tourism and Recreation on Soil Macrofauna Community in Zheshan Scenic Area

在赭山风景区选取了3种类型的游道,每种类型游道上分别选取一条与游道垂直的样带,每条样带内按照距游道距离的不同设置4个样点,每个样点的取样面积为30×30 cm2,取枯枝落叶层并以5 cm为一个层垂直向下取4层土样,用手拣法和网筛法拾取大型土壤动物。共捕获大型土壤动物2039头,隶属于3门8纲22个类群。运用Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)、集聚度等指标对不同样带和样点的不同土层中捕获的大型土壤动物类群和数量进行对比分析得出:①赭山风景区大型土壤动物受到游憩活动的影响明显,游憩活动量越大土壤动物捕获量越少;②由近游道向远离游道的水平方向上大型土壤动物的类群和数量呈现递增规律;③在垂直分布上土壤动物向表层集聚明显,游憩活动的影响导致大型土壤动物种类和数量的表层聚集度由近游道样点向远离游道样点逐渐增大。此外,在游憩活动的影响下,大型土壤动物在水平分布上表现出一定的边缘效应。

Three kinds of trails were chosen in Zheshan scenic area. Near each trail, one transect belt which is mutually perpendicular with a kind of the trail was located. In each transect belt, four 30 × 30 cm2 sampling points with different distances away from the trail was investigated. Un der the layer of withered defoliation, each sampling point was divided into 4F of 5 cm along verti cal section. Large-sized soil animals in soil and the layer of withered defoliation were collected by means of hand sorting and boult. 2039 individuals were found which belong to 22 orders under 8 classes in 3 phyla. By comparing the Shannon-Wiener index （H＇） and gather degree, the clusters and amounts of soil animals in different sampling layers of each sampling point situated at different transect belts were analyzed. The results are as follows： （1） large-sized soil animals of Zheshan scenic area were affected obviously by recreation activity, the more is the recreation activity, the less is the number of soil animals; （2） the categories and amount of soil animals rise gradually with the increase of distance away from the trails ; and （3） large-sized soil animals gathered obviously in surface layer of soil in vertical section. Affected by recreation activity, the gather degree of soil animals in surface layer increased in sampling points farther away from the trail. Moreover, under the influence of recreation activity, a certain edge effect appears for soil animals to distribute on the same horizontal plane.