论20世纪中国文学翻译中的“直译”、“意译”之争

On the Debate about Metaphrase and Paraphrase in China's Literary Translation of the 20th Century

豪杰译、硬译、直译、意译是20世纪中国文学翻译采用的基本方法。"豪杰译"流行于清末民初,是指对原作的各个层次作任意改动,如删节、改译、替换、改写、增减及译者的随意发挥。五四前后,鲁迅等人根据现实需要,强调准确地引进异质文化,因而在翻译方法上主张"硬译"和"直译"。有人则坚持"意译"。学界因而掀起了旷日持久的直译意译之争。实际上,"直译"、"意译"是译事中一种基本手段的两个方面。本文重点描述了20世纪不同阶段"直译、"意译"论争的情况,并致力于理论构建。梳理直译意译之争是研究中国传统翻译的起点。现代翻译史还表明,每一次有关"直译"、"意译"的论争都推动了中国文学翻译水平和翻译理论的发展。

Random translation, mechanical translation, metaphrase and paraphrase are the elementary methods for Chinese translators in the 20^th century. In late Qing dynasty, random translation was prevalent among China＇ s literary circles. During New Culture Movement, according to practical needs, Luxun emphasizes to precisely introduce foreign cultures, so he advocates mechanical translation and Metaphrase, while others insists on paraphrase, so literary circles set off a protracted controversy. This paper mainly analyzes the debate about metaphrase and paraphrase in China＇ s literary translation of different periods of the 20^th century and strives for theory construction. To card the controversy is to study the starting point of Chinese traditional translation. The history of modem translation also shows that each debate has promoted the development of the translation of Chinese literature and the theory of translation.