摘要
脱毒是戒毒过程重要的第一步。本文摡述海洛因依赖者脱毒的药物选择、使用方法和临床评价。总体上脱毒药物治疗国内外趋向一致,阿片受体激动剂美沙酮替代递减疗法唱主角,为临床广泛使用。阿片受体部分激动剂丁丙诺啡国外推荐积极,国内用户不多。可乐定仅适用戒断反应不严重者,阿片受体竞争拮抗剂(纳洛酮、纳曲酮)主要用于快速脱毒和预防复吸,用于维持治疗仅为一种选择。我国社区维持治疗均用美沙酮,为减轻危害近年来积极推广。中西医结合脱毒是我国戒毒特色。
Detoxification is the first and important step of withdrawal. This article overviewed medicine, methods and clinical evaluation of drug detoxification for heroine addicts. And they tended to be identical at home and abroad on the whole. Methadone substituted decrement is still the main treatment at present, buprenorphine has been recommended actively abroad, clonidine applies only to mild withdrawal reaction, opioid receptor antagonist （naltrexone and naloxone） is used for the rapid detoxification and relapse prevention. Integrative Medicine for detoxification is China＇s drug detoxification characteristics.
出处
《中国药物滥用防治杂志》
CAS
2009年第2期63-67,共5页
Chinese Journal of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment
关键词
海洛因依赖
脱毒
美沙酮
丁丙诺啡
纳洛酮
纳曲酮
可乐定
Heroin addict
Detoxification
Methadone
Buprenorphine
Naltrexone
Naloxone
Clonidine
