宽叶羌活适生地分析及数值区划研究

Analysis on habitat suitability of Notopterygium forbesii in China and its nummerical division

目的分析宽叶羌活在中国的适生区域,为人工种植适宜区划筛选提供科学依据。方法以四川、青海、甘肃野生宽叶羌活分布区最适宜生长环境因子为依据,结合中药材产地适宜性分析地理信息系统(TCMGIS-Ⅰ),区划宽叶羌活区全国的适宜产地。结果四川、西藏、青海和甘肃临近区域118个县市是宽叶羌活集中连片的最适宜产区,总面积130 051 km2,四川占最适宜区总面积比例达45%,西藏约占32%;较适宜产区包括四川、西藏、青海、甘肃、陕西、新疆等8个省区197个县市,面积242 365 km2,其中四川占较适宜产区面积35%,西藏约占36%。在相似度80%以上的适宜区范围内,四川涉及的面积最大,西藏包含的县市最多。结论应用TCMGIS-1系统进行宽叶羌活适生地分析具有一定的科学性和准确性;分析结果揭示西藏是宽叶羌活潜在重要的资源分布区;根据适生区域自然及社会经济综合评价,建议在生态脆弱、农地相对缺乏的最适宜区优先开展宽叶羌活种质保存、资源保护和野生抚育,而在四川、甘肃和青海等地选择3 000 m以下较低海拔的,农地比较充足、耕作条件和光热比较优越的较适宜区域适度发展规模化人工种植。

Objective To assess the suitability of origin habitats of Notopterygiurn forbesii and to provide theoretical basis of screening the suitable areas for its large-scale cultivation. Methods Detailed field survey of N. forbesii, spatial databases, and TCMGIS-I system was used for habitats suitability assessment. Results More than 130 051 km^2 over 118 counties in Sichuan, Tibetan, Qinghai, and Gansu are the most suitable habitats for N. forbesii, and more than of 242 365 km^2 over 197 counties are relative suitable for N. forbesii in Sichuan, Tibetan, Qinghai, Gansu, Yunnan, and Xinjiang. in the suitahle areas, most of areas are located in Sichuan, and most of Tibetan counties are suitable for N. forbesii. Conclusion Analysis results of TCMGIS-I system showed that Tibetan is the largest and most important potential distributing area for N. forbesii, and the system is relatively reasonable and precise for habitats suitability assessment of medicinal plants. According to the integrated assessment based on TCMGIS-I and socioeconomic conditions, it is recommended that in situ conservation and regeneration of N. forbesii wild populations are every appropriate in all the most suitable habitats due to the shortage of arable land, marginality, and sensitiveness to environment changes of these alpine and subalpine ecosystems, and large-scale cultivation of N. forbesii could be developed in those relative suitable areas, especially the elevation is lower than 3 000 m in Hengduan Mountains and Qilian Mountains with abundant arable lands, better tillage and socioeconomic conditions.