谈中小学数学教学中的“五导”

On "Five Guidance" in Mathematical Class Teaching-study in Middle and Primary Schools

中小学数学课堂教学中的“五导”即教导、指导、引导、辅导、疏导，这既是教学方法，也显示为…种理念．教导行为是指教师对课堂教学内容进行适当地有效讲授与讲解，让学生进行有意义的接受学习．指导行为主要指教师对学生进行学习策略指导，旨在促进学生的可持续发展．引导行为主要是针对教学的核心是学习而言，教师要通过有效的引导行为，促进学生主动学习．辅导行为指针对教学结果的反馈，了解学生的所缺与所需，对学生采取有针对性的帮助．疏导行为指数学教师应引导学生欣赏数学美，疏导学生惧怕数学的压力．教师作为学生学习的帮助者，应根据不同的课型、不同的教学目标对课堂的“五导”教学策略进行选择，有所侧重、有机结合，以促进学生的发展．

The ＂Five Guidance＂ in mathematical class teaching-study in middle and primary schools were enlightening, instruction, leading, assistance and persuasion. It was both a teaching-study method and a teaching-study theory. Enlightening means the teacher teaches and explains the course appropriately and efficiently and make the students do sensible acceptant study. Instruction means the teacher directs the students＇ study strategies and makes the students develop persistently. Leading was a behavior according with the conception that in teaching-study study was the c.ore. The teacher should make efficient leading behavior to prompt the students＇ initiative study. Assistance is the teacher＇s behavior of learning from the feedback of teaching-study results of what the students were in defect and making corresponding help. Persuasion was to alleviating the pressure of fearing mathematics that the students may face and to make the students enjoy the elegance of mathematics. Being the assistant in students＇ study, the teacher should adjust the ＂Five Guidance＂ method properly to adapt different courses, different teaching-study alms and different students. To promote the students＇ development, the teacher should make choices, make emphasizes and make combinations among the ＂Five Guidance＂ in different situations.