矩阵思想的形成与发展

The Formation and Development of Matrix Thought

矩阵形式解方程组在中国古代数学著作《九章算术》中已相当成熟,但这部著作并没有建立起独立的矩阵理论,而仅把矩阵看作一种排列形式来解决实际问题。从18世纪末到19世纪中叶,这种排列形式在求解线性方程组和行列式计算等问题中应用日益广泛,矩阵思想才得到进一步的发展。本文通过对在矩阵理论发展过程中的众多数学家工作的考察,揭示了矩阵思想从萌芽、早期发展到成熟以及进一步完善的全过程。

Solving equation groups by matrix form was fairly ripe in 'Nine Chapters of Arithmetic', but it hasn't built matrix theory independence, and only solving practical problem as permutation form. From the end of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century, this permutation form used widespread day by day in calculation of linear equation groups and determinant, so the matrix theory had further development. The purpose of this dissertation is to inspect a lot of work of matrix theory, and delineate the hole process of matrix thought during the period of seeds and earlier development and ripe and perfection.