土地征用、农地直接入市与土地资源优化配置

Land Expropriation,Agricultural Land Entering into the Market Directly and Optimal Allocation of Land Resources

比较利益是土地资源在农用和非农用之间配置的根本。作为资源配置手段,市场机制和政府决定土地边际净收益,进而决定土地资源配置,同时,作为一种不合意的选择,市场和政府都有可能出现失灵,从而引发土地资源的低效配置。我国土地征用垄断非农建设用地市场导致严重的政府失灵,是我国土地资源配置效率低下的首要原因。农地直接入市调整了市场主体行为,使农地和非农建设用地边际净收益的实现得到改善。但是,与农地直接入市如影相随的市场失灵以及我国目前青黄不接的集体非农建设用地制度体系,都使这种制度改善与社会决策的最优状态仍然存在差距。要切实实现土地资源社会最优配置,就必须在理顺国家经济关系的同时,采取诸如深化集体经济组织改革、完善农地直接入市配套法律法规、改变政府参与方式等措施。

Comparative advantage determines the land resources allocation between agricultural and nonagricultural. As a means of land resources allocation, market mechanism and government determine the net income of marginal land, which determine the configuration of land resources. Because of unsatisfactory choice, it is possible that market and government malfunction cause the low efficiency allocation of land resources. The lost control of the government behavior in the land expropriation system leads to the government failure,which results in low efficiency allocation of land resource in China. Agricultural land entering market directly adjusts the behavior of participants in the market and improves the profit of agricultural Land and nonagricultural construction land. But, the market failure and the temporary shortage of our current nonagricultural construction land constitute, which goes with the agricultural land entering market closely, makes the institute melioration have the gap with the optimization of the social decision-making. If the optimal allocation of land resource is the indubitable object,the following measures must be adopted at the same with agriculture land entering market: Deepening the innovation of the collective economy organization, perfecting law and regulation of agricultural land entering market and changing the participative style of government.