水痘暴发流行疫情与应急处置分析

The analysis on epidemic outbreak of varicella and its emergency response

目的通过对廊坊市广阳区两所学校4起水痘暴发疫情的调查处理，分析水痘疫情的流行病学特点，探讨在学校等集体单位内预防与控制类似疫情的措施。方法对两所学校4起疫情中的所有发热出疹病例进行个案调查，采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果4起疫情均属局部暴发，涉及儿童4681人，发病人数307人，平均发病率6．56％。发病年龄主要分布在4～11岁，发病季节为冬季和春季。学校向当地疾病预防控制中心上报疫情时间长短不等，最短者在发现病例当天上报，最晚者在发现病例后10天上报。及时采取隔离、消毒措施后，疫情得到有效控制。结论传染病预防控制及应急处置工作的重点是在各部门、社会各界人群共同合作的基础上做到及时发现、及时报告、及时采取应急处置措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 4 varicella outbreaks at 2 schools in Guangyang District, Langfang City, and to discuss the measures of preventing and controlling varicella in collective units. Methods A case study was conducted among the patients of rash and fever illness in the two schools, and descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the characteristics of varicella outbreaks. Results The four epidemic situation belonged to outbreak in local areas. 4681 children which included 307 patients were influenced, and the average incident rates was 6. 56%. The patients were 4 - 11 years old mostly, and took varicella in winter or spring. The time of outbreak reports to local center for disease control and prevention were unequal, with the fastest one of the right day that the case was found and the slowest one of 10 days after the case was found. The epidemic situations were controlled effectively after taking the measures of quarantine and antisepsis. Conclusion The emphases of control and emergency response of communicable diseases are finding, reporting and taking measures in time, and the key point is to take measure of health prevention, quarantine and family observation.