论沈德潜的宋诗观

Shen Deqian's Views on Song Poetry

面对宋诗,清代"格调说"的盟主沈德潜表现出兼容并蓄的态度。他自言"未尝贬斥宋诗",编选了《宋金三家诗选》,对苏轼、陆游等宋代诗人大加赞赏。在《清诗别裁集》中,沈氏也选了不少有宋诗风格的作品。但同时,沈德潜又坚定地保持着以唐诗为尊的立场。面对宋诗,沈德潜的根本态度是:宋诗可以存在,但只是在以盛唐为尊的基础上对诗坛的一种补充;宋诗也不是不可以学,但必须做出一定的限制,绝不能让学习宋诗成为诗坛的主流。总体来看,沈德潜之所以能成为清代"格调说"的盟主,原因之一正在于,他以较为合理的方式给宋诗以适度的生存空间,从而为盛唐之诗、为"格调"保留了更大、更确定的空间。

As the leader of Gediao, Shen Deqian appreciates Su Shi and Lu Yours poem, and he also compiles Song Jin San Jia Shi Xuan, and selects lots of poem with Song＇s style in Qing Shi Bie Cai Ji. All of these show Shen＇s adoption and absorption. But on the other hand, Shen insists that the poem of Tang Dynasty is the main stream of a fluid. Just the Song＇s poem a moderate space, and retains bigger space with the attitude of adoption, Shen gives for Tang＇ s poem.