明初哈立麻晋京朝觐与“荐福图”的诞生

Halima's Kiblah in the Early Ming Dynasty and the Birth of "Jianfutu"

明永乐五年(1407年),乌思藏藏传佛教领袖噶玛噶举派第五世活佛得银协巴(汉籍称哈立麻)奉旨晋京朝觐。其间,在南京资设普度大斋,为太祖皇帝及皇后"荐福"。由于法事活动进行成功,永乐皇帝敕封哈立麻"大宝法王"封号,并将14天的荐福活动中出现的种种奇景命画师逐日画出,配以五种文字说明,形成了长达4968厘米长、66厘米高的"荐福图"。该图是当前西藏保存最大型、最完整的反映明初中央政府与西藏地方宗教领袖之间建立臣属关系和私人友情的历史长卷,是弥足珍贵的绘画精品。它对我们今天研究西藏与祖国关系史和西藏宗教发展史,以及明朝初年佛教在内地倡兴、民族文字的使用交流情况,均有重要的实证和参考价值。

In the year 1407, Halima came to the capital for Kiblah, during this time, lent was arranged in Nanjing to 'Jianfu(recommend fortune)' for Taizu Emperor and the Empress.For the activity was successful, Emperor Yongle conferred 'Dabaofawang' on Halima and had the marvels painted out, hence the birth of the 'Jianfutu' which reflects the relationship between the central government and Tibetan religious leader, and their personal friendship as well.It is also of significant value for us today to study the development history of the relationship between Tibet and the motherland, the prosperity of the Buddhism in inland China in early Ming Dynasty, and the use of national characters.